update mcts, incremental merge (#311)

* mcts v1, v2, v3, v4 done. v5 wip

* update mcts

* mcts v1, v2, v3, v4 done. v5 wip

* update mcts

* Merge changes on dev

* update mcts

---------

Co-authored-by: ramollia <>

app/src/main/java/org/toop/Main.java

@@ -1,53 +1,68 @@
 package org.toop;
 
 import org.toop.app.App;
+import org.toop.framework.game.games.reversi.BitboardReversi;
+import org.toop.framework.game.players.ArtificialPlayer;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.RandomAI;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts.MCTSAI1;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts.MCTSAI2;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts.MCTSAI3;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts.MCTSAI4;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
 public final class Main {
     static void main(String[] args) {
 		App.run(args);
-		// testMCTS(10);
+
+		// final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
+		// executor.execute(() -> testAIs(25));
     }
 
-	// Voor onderzoek
+	private static void testAIs(int games) {
-	// private static void testMCTS(int games) {
+		var versions = new ArtificialPlayer[5];
-	// 	var random = new ArtificialPlayer<>(new RandomAI<BitboardReversi>(), "Random AI");
+		versions[0] = new ArtificialPlayer(new RandomAI(), "Random AI");
-	// 	var v1 = new ArtificialPlayer<>(new MCTSAI<BitboardTicTacToe>(10), "MCTS V1 AI");
+		versions[1] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI1(1000), "MCTS V1 AI");
-	// 	var v2 = new ArtificialPlayer<>(new MCTSAI2<BitboardTicTacToe>(10), "MCTS V2 AI");
+		versions[2] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI2(1000), "MCTS V2 AI");
-	// 	var v2_2 = new ArtificialPlayer<>(new MCTSAI2<BitboardTicTacToe>(100), "MCTS V2_2 AI");
+		versions[3] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI3(10, 10), "MCTS V3 AI");
-	// 	var v3 = new ArtificialPlayer<>(new MCTSAI3<BitboardTicTacToe>(10), "MCTS V3 AI");
+		versions[4] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI4(10, 10), "MCTS V4 AI");
 
-	// 	testAI(games, new Player[]{ v1, v2 });
+		for (int i = 0; i < versions.length; i++) {
-	// 	// testAI(games, new Player[]{ v1, v3 });
+			for (int j = i + 1; j < versions.length; j++) {
+				final int playerIndex1 = i % versions.length;
+				final int playerIndex2 = j % versions.length;
 
-	// 	// testAI(games, new Player[]{ random, v3 });
+				testAIVSAI(games, new ArtificialPlayer[] { versions[playerIndex1], versions[playerIndex2]});
-	// 	// testAI(games, new Player[]{ v2, v3 });
+			}
-	// 	testAI(games, new Player[]{ v2, v3 });
+		}
-	// 	// testAI(games, new Player[]{ v3, v2 });
+	}
-	// }
 
-	// private static void testAI(int games, Player<BitboardReversi>[] ais) {
+	private static void testAIVSAI(int games, ArtificialPlayer[] ais) {
-	// 	int wins = 0;
+		int wins = 0;
-	// 	int ties = 0;
+		int ties = 0;
 
-	// 	for (int i = 0; i < games; i++) {
+		for (int i = 0; i < games; i++) {
-	// 		final BitboardReversi match = new BitboardReversi(ais);
+			final BitboardReversi match = new BitboardReversi();
+			match.init(ais);
 
-	// 		while (!match.isTerminal()) {
+			while (!match.isTerminal()) {
-	// 			final int currentAI = match.getCurrentTurn();
+				final int currentAI = match.getCurrentTurn();
-	// 			final long move = ais[currentAI].getMove(match);
+				final long move = ais[currentAI].getMove(match);
 
-	// 			match.play(move);
+				match.play(move);
-	// 		}
+			}
 
-	// 		if (match.getWinner() < 0) {
+			if (match.getWinner() < 0) {
-	// 			ties++;
+				ties++;
-	// 			continue;
+				continue;
-	// 		}
+			}
 
-	// 		wins += match.getWinner() == 0? 1 : 0;
+			wins += match.getWinner() == 0? 1 : 0;
-	// 	}
+		}
 
-	// 	System.out.printf("Out of %d games, %s won %d -- tied %d -- lost %d, games against %s\n", games, ais[0].getName(), wins, ties, games - wins - ties, ais[1].getName());
+		System.out.printf("Out of %d games, %s won %d -- tied %d -- lost %d, games against %s\n", games, ais[0].getName(), wins, ties, games - wins - ties, ais[1].getName());
-	// 	System.out.printf("Average win rate was: %.2f\n\n", wins / (float)games);
+		System.out.printf("Average win rate was: %.2f\n\n", wins / (float)games);
-	// }
+	}
 }

app/src/main/java/org/toop/app/Server.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ import org.toop.framework.networking.connection.clients.TournamentNetworkingClie
 import org.toop.framework.networking.connection.events.NetworkEvents;
 import org.toop.framework.networking.connection.types.NetworkingConnector;
 import org.toop.framework.networking.server.gateway.NettyGatewayServer;
-import org.toop.framework.game.players.LocalPlayer;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts.MCTSAI3;
-import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI3;
 import org.toop.local.AppContext;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ public final class Server {
 
             Player[] players = new Player[2];
 
-            players[userStartingTurn] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI3(1000), user);
+            players[userStartingTurn] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI3(1000, Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()), user);
             players[opponentStartingTurn] = new OnlinePlayer(response.opponent());
 
             switch (type) {

app/src/main/java/org/toop/app/widget/view/LocalMultiplayerView.java

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import javafx.application.Platform;
 import org.toop.app.GameInformation;
 import org.toop.app.gameControllers.ReversiBitController;
 import org.toop.app.gameControllers.TicTacToeBitController;
+import org.toop.framework.game.players.LocalPlayer;
 import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.controller.GameController;
 import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.player.Player;
 import org.toop.framework.game.players.ArtificialPlayer;
@@ -12,11 +13,10 @@ import org.toop.app.widget.complex.PlayerInfoWidget;
 import org.toop.app.widget.complex.ViewWidget;
 import org.toop.app.widget.popup.ErrorPopup;
 import org.toop.app.widget.tutorial.*;
-import org.toop.framework.game.players.LocalPlayer;
-import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI;
-import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI2;
-import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI3;
 import org.toop.game.players.ai.MiniMaxAI;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts.MCTSAI1;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts.MCTSAI3;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts.MCTSAI4;
 import org.toop.local.AppContext;
 
 import javafx.geometry.Pos;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public class LocalMultiplayerView extends ViewWidget {
                     if (information.players[0].isHuman) {
                         players[0] = new LocalPlayer(information.players[0].name);
                     } else {
-                        players[0] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI(100), "MCTS AI");
+                        players[0] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI1(100), "MCTS AI");
                     }
                     if (information.players[1].isHuman) {
                         players[1] = new LocalPlayer(information.players[1].name);
@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ public class LocalMultiplayerView extends ViewWidget {
                         players[0] = new LocalPlayer(information.players[0].name);
                     } else {
 						// players[0] = new ArtificialPlayer(new RandomAI<BitboardReversi>(), "Random AI");
-						players[0] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI3(50), "MCTS V3 AI");
+						players[0] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI4(500, 4), "MCTS V4 AI");
                     }
                     if (information.players[1].isHuman) {
                         players[1] = new LocalPlayer(information.players[1].name);
                     } else {
-						players[1] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI(50), "MCTS V1 AI");
+						players[1] = new ArtificialPlayer(new MCTSAI1(500), "MCTS V1 AI");
                     }
                     if (AppSettings.getSettings().getTutorialFlag() && AppSettings.getSettings().getFirstReversi()) {
                         new ShowEnableTutorialWidget(

framework/src/main/java/org/toop/framework/game/BitboardGame.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.TurnBasedGame;
 import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.player.Player;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
 // There is AI performance to be gained by getting rid of non-primitives and thus speeding up deepCopy
 public abstract class BitboardGame implements TurnBasedGame {

framework/src/main/java/org/toop/framework/game/games/reversi/BitboardReversi.java

@@ -321,8 +321,51 @@ public class BitboardReversi extends BitboardGame {
         else if (blackCount > whiteCount){
             return 0;
         }
-        else{
+        else {
             return 1;
         }
     }
+
+	@Override
+	public float rateMove(long move) {
+		final long corners = 0x8100000000000081L;
+
+		if ((move & corners) != 0L) {
+			return 0.4f;
+		}
+
+		final long xSquares = 0x0042000000004200L;
+
+		if ((move & xSquares) != 0) {
+			return -0.4f;
+		}
+
+		final long cSquares = 0x4281000000008142L;
+
+		if ((move & cSquares) != 0) {
+			return -0.1f;
+		}
+
+		return 0.0f;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public long heuristicMove(long legalMoves) {
+		long bestMove = 0L;
+		float bestMoveRate = Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+
+		while (legalMoves != 0L) {
+			final long move = legalMoves & -legalMoves;
+			final float moveRate = rateMove(move);
+
+			if (moveRate > bestMoveRate) {
+				bestMove = move;
+				bestMoveRate = moveRate;
+			}
+
+			legalMoves &= ~move;
+		}
+
+		return bestMove;
+	}
 }

framework/src/main/java/org/toop/framework/game/games/tictactoe/BitboardTicTacToe.java

@@ -110,4 +110,14 @@ public class BitboardTicTacToe extends BitboardGame {
     public BitboardTicTacToe deepCopy() {
         return new BitboardTicTacToe(this);
     }
+
+	@Override
+	public float rateMove(long move) {
+		return 0.0f;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public long heuristicMove(long legalMoves) {
+		return legalMoves;
+	}
 }

framework/src/main/java/org/toop/framework/game/players/ArtificialPlayer.java

@@ -57,4 +57,8 @@ public class ArtificialPlayer extends AbstractPlayer {
     public ArtificialPlayer deepCopy() {
         return new ArtificialPlayer(this);
     }
+
+    public AI getAi() {
+        return ai;
+    }
 }

framework/src/main/java/org/toop/framework/gameFramework/model/game/TurnBasedGame.java

@@ -13,4 +13,7 @@ public interface TurnBasedGame extends DeepCopyable<TurnBasedGame> {
     PlayResult play(long move);
 	PlayResult getState();
 	boolean isTerminal();
+
+	float rateMove(long move);
+	long heuristicMove(long legalMoves);
 }

game/src/main/java/org/toop/game/players/ai/MCTSAI.java

@@ -1,193 +1,288 @@
 package org.toop.game.players.ai;
 
-import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.GameState;
-import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.PlayResult;
 import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.TurnBasedGame;
 import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.player.AbstractAI;
 
 import java.util.Random;
 
-public class MCTSAI extends AbstractAI {
+public abstract class MCTSAI extends AbstractAI {
-	private static class Node {
+	protected static class Node {
 		public TurnBasedGame state;
+
 		public long move;
+		public long unexpandedMoves;
 
 		public Node parent;
-
-		public int expanded;
 		public Node[] children;
 
-		public int visits;
 		public float value;
+		public int visits;
+
+		public float heuristic;
+
+		public float solved;
+
+		public Node(TurnBasedGame state, Node parent, long move) {
+			final long legalMoves = state.getLegalMoves();
 
-		public Node(TurnBasedGame state, long move, Node parent) {
 			this.state = state;
+
 			this.move = move;
+			this.unexpandedMoves = legalMoves;
 
 			this.parent = parent;
+			this.children = new Node[Long.bitCount(legalMoves)];
 
-			this.expanded = 0;
-			this.children = new Node[Long.bitCount(state.getLegalMoves())];
-
-			this.visits = 0;
 			this.value = 0.0f;
+			this.visits = 0;
+
+			this.heuristic = state.rateMove(move);
+
+			this.solved = Float.NaN;
 		}
 
 		public Node(TurnBasedGame state) {
-			this(state, 0L, null);
+			this(state, null, 0L);
+		}
+
+		public int getExpanded() {
+			return children.length - Long.bitCount(unexpandedMoves);
 		}
 
 		public boolean isFullyExpanded() {
-			return expanded >= children.length;
+			return unexpandedMoves == 0L;
 		}
 
-		float calculateUCT() {
+		public float calculateUCT(int parentVisits) {
-			float exploitation = visits <= 0? 0 : value / visits;
+			if (visits == 0) {
-			float exploration = 1.41f * (float)(Math.sqrt(Math.log(visits) / visits));
+				return Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+			}
 
-			return exploitation + exploration;
+			final float exploitation = value / visits;
+			final float exploration = (float)(Math.sqrt(Math.log(parentVisits) / visits));
+			final float bias = heuristic * 10.0f / (visits + 1);
+
+			return exploitation + exploration + bias;
 		}
 
 		public Node bestUCTChild() {
-			int bestChildIndex = -1;
+			final int expanded = getExpanded();
-			float bestScore = Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+
+			Node highestUCTChild = null;
+			float highestUCT = Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < expanded; i++) {
-				final float score = calculateUCT();
+				final float childUCT = children[i].calculateUCT(visits);
 
-				if (score > bestScore) {
+				if (childUCT > highestUCT) {
-					bestChildIndex = i;
+					highestUCTChild = children[i];
-					bestScore = score;
+					highestUCT = childUCT;
 				}
 			}
 
-			return bestChildIndex >= 0? children[bestChildIndex] : this;
+			return highestUCTChild;
 		}
 	}
 
-	private final int milliseconds;
+	protected static final ThreadLocal<Random> random = ThreadLocal.withInitial(Random::new);
+
+	protected final int milliseconds;
+
+	protected int lastIterations;
 
 	public MCTSAI(int milliseconds) {
 		this.milliseconds = milliseconds;
+
+		this.lastIterations = 0;
 	}
 
 	public MCTSAI(MCTSAI other) {
 		this.milliseconds = other.milliseconds;
+
+		this.lastIterations = other.lastIterations;
 	}
 
-	@Override
+	public int getLastIterations() {
-	public MCTSAI deepCopy() {
+		return lastIterations;
-		return new MCTSAI(this);
 	}
 
-	@Override
+	protected Node selection(Node root) {
-	public long getMove(TurnBasedGame game) {
+		// while (Float.isNaN(root.solved) && root.isFullyExpanded() && !root.state.isTerminal()) {
-		Node root = new Node(game.deepCopy());
+		while (root.isFullyExpanded() && !root.state.isTerminal()) {
-
+			root = root.bestUCTChild();
-		long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + milliseconds;
-
-		while (System.currentTimeMillis() <= endTime) {
-			Node node = selection(root);
-			long legalMoves = node.state.getLegalMoves();
-
-			if (legalMoves != 0) {
-				node = expansion(node, legalMoves);
 		}
 
-			float result = 0.0f;
+		return root;
-
-			if (node.state.getLegalMoves() != 0) {
-				result = simulation(node.state, game.getCurrentTurn());
 	}
 
-			backPropagation(node, result);
+	protected Node expansion(Node leaf) {
+		if (leaf.unexpandedMoves == 0L) {
+			return leaf;
 		}
 
-		int mostVisitedIndex = -1;
+		final long unexpandedMove = leaf.unexpandedMoves & -leaf.unexpandedMoves;
-		int mostVisits = -1;
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < root.expanded; i++) {
+		final TurnBasedGame copiedState = leaf.state.deepCopy();
-			if (root.children[i].visits > mostVisits) {
+		copiedState.play(unexpandedMove);
-				mostVisitedIndex = i;
+
-				mostVisits = root.children[i].visits;
+		final Node expandedChild = new Node(copiedState, leaf, unexpandedMove);
-			}
+
+		leaf.children[leaf.getExpanded()] = expandedChild;
+		leaf.unexpandedMoves &= ~unexpandedMove;
+
+		return expandedChild;
 	}
 
-		return mostVisitedIndex != -1? root.children[mostVisitedIndex].move : randomSetBit(game.getLegalMoves());
+	protected float simulation(Node leaf) {
+		final TurnBasedGame copiedState = leaf.state.deepCopy();
+		final int playerIndex = 1 - copiedState.getCurrentTurn();
+
+		while (!copiedState.isTerminal()) {
+			final long legalMoves = copiedState.getLegalMoves();
+			final long randomMove = randomSetBit(legalMoves);
+
+			copiedState.play(randomMove);
 		}
 
-	private Node selection(Node node) {
+		if (copiedState.getWinner() == playerIndex) {
-		while (node.state.getLegalMoves() != 0L && node.isFullyExpanded()) {
-			node = node.bestUCTChild();
-		}
-
-		return node;
-	}
-
-	private Node expansion(Node node, long legalMoves) {
-		for (int i = 0; i < node.expanded; i++) {
-			legalMoves &= ~node.children[i].move;
-		}
-
-		if (legalMoves == 0L) {
-			return node;
-		}
-
-		long move = randomSetBit(legalMoves);
-
-		TurnBasedGame copy = node.state.deepCopy();
-		copy.play(move);
-
-		Node newlyExpanded = new Node(copy, move, node);
-
-		node.children[node.expanded] = newlyExpanded;
-		node.expanded++;
-
-		return newlyExpanded;
-	}
-
-	private float simulation(TurnBasedGame state, int playerIndex) {
-		TurnBasedGame copy = state.deepCopy();
-		long legalMoves = copy.getLegalMoves();
-		PlayResult result = null;
-
-		while (legalMoves != 0) {
-			result = copy.play(randomSetBit(legalMoves));
-			legalMoves = copy.getLegalMoves();
-		}
-
-		if (result.state() == GameState.WIN) {
-			if (result.player() == playerIndex) {
 			return 1.0f;
 		}
 
+		if (copiedState.getWinner() >= 0) {
 			return -1.0f;
 		}
 
-		return -0.2f;
+		return 0.0f;
 	}
 
-	private void backPropagation(Node node, float value) {
+	protected void backPropagation(Node leaf, float value) {
-		while (node != null) {
+		while (leaf != null) {
-			node.visits++;
+			leaf.value += value;
-			node.value += value;
+			leaf.visits++;
-			node = node.parent;
+
+			if (Float.isNaN(leaf.solved)) {
+				updateSolvedStatus(leaf);
+			}
+
+			value = -value;
+			leaf = leaf.parent;
 		}
 	}
 
-	public static long randomSetBit(long value) {
+	protected Node mostVisitedChild(Node root) {
-		Random random = new Random();
+		final int expanded = root.getExpanded();
 
-		int count = Long.bitCount(value);
+		Node mostVisitedChild = null;
-		int target = random.nextInt(count);
+		int mostVisited = -1;
 
-		while (true) {
+		for (int i = 0; i < expanded; i++) {
-			int bit = Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(value);
+			if (root.children[i].visits > mostVisited) {
-			if (target == 0) {
+				mostVisitedChild = root.children[i];
-				return 1L << bit;
+				mostVisited = root.children[i].visits;
 			}
+		}
+
+		return mostVisitedChild;
+	}
+
+	protected Node findOrResetRoot(Node root, TurnBasedGame game) {
+		if (root == null) {
+			return new Node(game.deepCopy());
+		}
+
+		if (areStatesEqual(root.state.getBoard(), game.getBoard())) {
+			return root;
+		}
+
+		final int expanded = root.getExpanded();
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < expanded; i++) {
+			if (areStatesEqual(root.children[i].state.getBoard(), game.getBoard())) {
+				root.children[i].parent = null;
+				return root.children[i];
+			}
+		}
+
+		return new Node(game.deepCopy());
+	}
+
+	protected Node findChildByMove(Node root, long move) {
+		final int expanded = root.getExpanded();
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < expanded; i++) {
+			if (root.children[i].move == move) {
+				root.children[i].parent = null;
+				return root.children[i];
+			}
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	protected boolean areStatesEqual(long[] state1, long[] state2) {
+		if (state1.length != state2.length) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < state1.length; i++) {
+			if (state1[i] != state2[i]) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	protected long randomSetBit(long value) {
+		if (0L == value) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		final int bitCount = Long.bitCount(value);
+		final int randomBitCount = random.get().nextInt(bitCount);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < randomBitCount; i++) {
 			value &= value - 1;
-			target--;
+		}
+
+		return value & -value;
+	}
+
+	private void updateSolvedStatus(Node node) {
+		if (node.state.isTerminal()) {
+			final int winner = node.state.getWinner();
+			final int mover = 1 - node.state.getCurrentTurn();
+
+			node.solved = winner == mover? 1.0f : winner == -1? 0.0f : -1.0f;
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (node.isFullyExpanded()) {
+			boolean allChildrenSolved = true;
+			boolean foundWinningMove = false;
+			boolean foundDrawMove = false;
+
+			for (final Node child : node.children) {
+				if (!Float.isNaN(child.solved)) {
+					if (child.solved == -1.0f) {
+						foundWinningMove = true;
+						break;
+					}
+
+					if (child.solved == 0.0f) {
+						foundDrawMove = true;
+					}
+				} else {
+					allChildrenSolved = false;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (foundWinningMove) {
+				node.solved = 1.0f;
+			} else if (allChildrenSolved) {
+				node.solved = foundDrawMove? 0.0f : -1.0f;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }

game/src/main/java/org/toop/game/players/ai/MCTSAI2.java

@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-package org.toop.game.players.ai;
-
-import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.TurnBasedGame;
-import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.player.AbstractAI;
-
-import java.util.Random;
-
-public class MCTSAI2 extends AbstractAI {
-	private static class Node {
-		public TurnBasedGame state;
-
-		public long move;
-		public long unexpandedMoves;
-
-		public Node parent;
-
-		public Node[] children;
-		public int expanded;
-
-		public float value;
-		public int visits;
-
-		public Node(TurnBasedGame state, Node parent, long move) {
-			final long legalMoves = state.getLegalMoves();
-
-			this.state = state;
-
-			this.move = move;
-			this.unexpandedMoves = legalMoves;
-
-			this.parent = parent;
-
-			this.children = new Node[Long.bitCount(legalMoves)];
-			this.expanded = 0;
-
-			this.value = 0.0f;
-			this.visits = 0;
-		}
-
-		public Node(TurnBasedGame state) {
-			this(state, null, 0L);
-		}
-
-		public boolean isFullyExpanded() {
-			return expanded == children.length;
-		}
-
-		public float calculateUCT(int parentVisits) {
-			final float exploitation = value / visits;
-			final float exploration = 1.41f * (float)(Math.sqrt(Math.log(parentVisits) / visits));
-
-			return exploitation + exploration;
-		}
-
-		public Node bestUCTChild() {
-			Node highestUCTChild = null;
-			float highestUCT = Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-
-			for (int i = 0; i < expanded; i++) {
-				final float childUCT = children[i].calculateUCT(visits);
-
-				if (childUCT > highestUCT) {
-					highestUCTChild = children[i];
-					highestUCT = childUCT;
-				}
-
-			}
-
-			return highestUCTChild;
-		}
-	}
-
-	private final Random random;
-	private final int milliseconds;
-
-	public MCTSAI2(int milliseconds) {
-		this.random = new Random();
-		this.milliseconds = milliseconds;
-	}
-
-	public MCTSAI2(MCTSAI2 other) {
-		this.random = other.random;
-		this.milliseconds = other.milliseconds;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public MCTSAI2 deepCopy() {
-		return new MCTSAI2(this);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public long getMove(TurnBasedGame game) {
-		final Node root = new Node(game, null, 0L);
-
-		final long endTime = System.nanoTime() + milliseconds * 1_000_000L;
-
-		while (System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
-			Node leaf = selection(root);
-			leaf = expansion(leaf);
-			final float value = simulation(leaf);
-			backPropagation(leaf, value);
-		}
-
-		final Node mostVisitedChild = mostVisitedChild(root);
-
-		return mostVisitedChild != null? mostVisitedChild.move : 0L;
-	}
-
-	private Node mostVisitedChild(Node root) {
-		Node mostVisitedChild = null;
-		int mostVisited = -1;
-
-		for (int i = 0; i < root.expanded; i++) {
-			if (root.children[i].visits > mostVisited) {
-				mostVisitedChild = root.children[i];
-				mostVisited = root.children[i].visits;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return mostVisitedChild;
-	}
-
-	private Node selection(Node root) {
-		while (root.isFullyExpanded() && !root.state.isTerminal()) {
-			root = root.bestUCTChild();
-		}
-
-		return root;
-	}
-
-	private Node expansion(Node leaf) {
-		if (leaf.unexpandedMoves == 0L) {
-			return leaf;
-		}
-
-		final long unexpandedMove = leaf.unexpandedMoves & -leaf.unexpandedMoves;
-
-		final TurnBasedGame copiedState = leaf.state.deepCopy();
-		copiedState.play(unexpandedMove);
-
-		final Node expandedChild = new Node(copiedState, leaf, unexpandedMove);
-
-		leaf.children[leaf.expanded] = expandedChild;
-		leaf.expanded++;
-
-		leaf.unexpandedMoves &= ~unexpandedMove;
-
-		return expandedChild;
-	}
-
-	private float simulation(Node leaf) {
-		final TurnBasedGame copiedState = leaf.state.deepCopy();
-		final int playerIndex = 1 - copiedState.getCurrentTurn();
-
-		while (!copiedState.isTerminal()) {
-			final long legalMoves = copiedState.getLegalMoves();
-			final long randomMove = randomSetBit(legalMoves);
-
-			copiedState.play(randomMove);
-		}
-
-		if (copiedState.getWinner() == playerIndex) {
-			return 1.0f;
-		} else if (copiedState.getWinner() >= 0) {
-			return -1.0f;
-		}
-
-		return 0.0f;
-	}
-
-	private void backPropagation(Node leaf, float value) {
-		while (leaf != null) {
-			leaf.value += value;
-			leaf.visits++;
-
-			value = -value;
-			leaf = leaf.parent;
-		}
-	}
-
-	private long randomSetBit(long value) {
-		if (0L == value) {
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		final int bitCount = Long.bitCount(value);
-		final int randomBitCount = random.nextInt(bitCount);
-
-		for (int i = 0; i < randomBitCount; i++) {
-			value &= value - 1;
-		}
-
-		return value & -value;
-	}
-}

game/src/main/java/org/toop/game/players/ai/MCTSAI3.java

@@ -1,258 +0,0 @@
-package org.toop.game.players.ai;
-
-import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.TurnBasedGame;
-import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.player.AbstractAI;
-
-import java.util.Random;
-
-public class MCTSAI3 extends AbstractAI {
-	private static class Node {
-		public TurnBasedGame state;
-
-		public long move;
-		public long unexpandedMoves;
-
-		public Node parent;
-
-		public Node[] children;
-		public int expanded;
-
-		public float value;
-		public int visits;
-
-		public Node(TurnBasedGame state, Node parent, long move) {
-			final long legalMoves = state.getLegalMoves();
-
-			this.state = state;
-
-			this.move = move;
-			this.unexpandedMoves = legalMoves;
-
-			this.parent = parent;
-
-			this.children = new Node[Long.bitCount(legalMoves)];
-			this.expanded = 0;
-
-			this.value = 0.0f;
-			this.visits = 0;
-		}
-
-		public Node(TurnBasedGame state) {
-			this(state, null, 0L);
-		}
-
-		public boolean isFullyExpanded() {
-			return expanded == children.length;
-		}
-
-		public float calculateUCT(int parentVisits) {
-			final float exploitation = value / visits;
-			final float exploration = 1.41f * (float)(Math.sqrt(Math.log(parentVisits) / visits));
-
-			return exploitation + exploration;
-		}
-
-		public Node bestUCTChild() {
-			Node highestUCTChild = null;
-			float highestUCT = Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-
-			for (int i = 0; i < expanded; i++) {
-				final float childUCT = children[i].calculateUCT(visits);
-
-				if (childUCT > highestUCT) {
-					highestUCTChild = children[i];
-					highestUCT = childUCT;
-				}
-
-			}
-
-			return highestUCTChild;
-		}
-	}
-
-	private final Random random;
-
-	private Node root;
-	private final int milliseconds;
-
-	public MCTSAI3(int milliseconds) {
-		this.random = new Random();
-
-		this.root = null;
-		this.milliseconds = milliseconds;
-	}
-
-	public MCTSAI3(MCTSAI3 other) {
-		this.random = other.random;
-
-		this.root = other.root;
-		this.milliseconds = other.milliseconds;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public MCTSAI3 deepCopy() {
-		return new MCTSAI3(this);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public long getMove(TurnBasedGame game) {
-		detectRoot(game);
-
-		final long endTime = System.nanoTime() + milliseconds * 1_000_000L;
-
-		while (System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
-			Node leaf = selection(root);
-			leaf = expansion(leaf);
-			final float value = simulation(leaf);
-			backPropagation(leaf, value);
-		}
-
-		final Node mostVisitedChild = mostVisitedChild(root);
-		final long move = mostVisitedChild != null? mostVisitedChild.move : 0L;
-
-		newRoot(move);
-
-		return move;
-	}
-
-	private Node mostVisitedChild(Node root) {
-		Node mostVisitedChild = null;
-		int mostVisited = -1;
-
-		for (int i = 0; i < root.expanded; i++) {
-			if (root.children[i].visits > mostVisited) {
-				mostVisitedChild = root.children[i];
-				mostVisited = root.children[i].visits;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return mostVisitedChild;
-	}
-
-	private void detectRoot(TurnBasedGame game) {
-		if (root == null) {
-			root = new Node(game.deepCopy());
-			return;
-		}
-
-		final long[] currentBoards = game.getBoard();
-		final long[] rootBoards = root.state.getBoard();
-
-		boolean detected = true;
-
-		for (int i = 0; i < rootBoards.length; i++) {
-			if (rootBoards[i] != currentBoards[i]) {
-				detected = false;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (detected) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		for (int i = 0; i < root.expanded; i++) {
-			final Node child = root.children[i];
-
-			final long[] childBoards = child.state.getBoard();
-
-			detected = true;
-
-			for (int j = 0; j < childBoards.length; j++) {
-				if (childBoards[j] != currentBoards[j]) {
-					detected = false;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-
-			if (detected) {
-				root = child;
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-
-		root = new Node(game.deepCopy());
-	}
-
-	private void newRoot(long move) {
-		for (final Node child : root.children) {
-			if (child.move == move) {
-				root = child;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	private Node selection(Node root) {
-		while (root.isFullyExpanded() && !root.state.isTerminal()) {
-			root = root.bestUCTChild();
-		}
-
-		return root;
-	}
-
-	private Node expansion(Node leaf) {
-		if (leaf.unexpandedMoves == 0L) {
-			return leaf;
-		}
-
-		final long unexpandedMove = leaf.unexpandedMoves & -leaf.unexpandedMoves;
-
-		final TurnBasedGame copiedState = leaf.state.deepCopy();
-		copiedState.play(unexpandedMove);
-
-		final Node expandedChild = new Node(copiedState, leaf, unexpandedMove);
-
-		leaf.children[leaf.expanded] = expandedChild;
-		leaf.expanded++;
-
-		leaf.unexpandedMoves &= ~unexpandedMove;
-
-		return expandedChild;
-	}
-
-	private float simulation(Node leaf) {
-		final TurnBasedGame copiedState = leaf.state.deepCopy();
-		final int playerIndex = 1 - copiedState.getCurrentTurn();
-
-		while (!copiedState.isTerminal()) {
-			final long legalMoves = copiedState.getLegalMoves();
-			final long randomMove = randomSetBit(legalMoves);
-
-			copiedState.play(randomMove);
-		}
-
-		if (copiedState.getWinner() == playerIndex) {
-			return 1.0f;
-		} else if (copiedState.getWinner() >= 0) {
-			return -1.0f;
-		}
-
-		return 0.0f;
-	}
-
-	private void backPropagation(Node leaf, float value) {
-		while (leaf != null) {
-			leaf.value += value;
-			leaf.visits++;
-
-			value = -value;
-			leaf = leaf.parent;
-		}
-	}
-
-	private long randomSetBit(long value) {
-		if (0L == value) {
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		final int bitCount = Long.bitCount(value);
-		final int randomBitCount = random.nextInt(bitCount);
-
-		for (int i = 0; i < randomBitCount; i++) {
-			value &= value - 1;
-		}
-
-		return value & -value;
-	}
-}

game/src/main/java/org/toop/game/players/ai/mcts/MCTSAI1.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts;
+
+import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.TurnBasedGame;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI;
+
+public class MCTSAI1 extends MCTSAI {
+	public MCTSAI1(int milliseconds) {
+		super(milliseconds);
+	}
+
+	public MCTSAI1(MCTSAI1 other) {
+		super(other);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MCTSAI1 deepCopy() {
+		return new MCTSAI1(this);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public long getMove(TurnBasedGame game) {
+		final Node root = new Node(game, null, 0L);
+
+		final long endTime = System.nanoTime() + milliseconds * 1_000_000L;
+
+		// while (Float.isNaN(root.solved) && System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
+		while (System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
+			Node leaf = selection(root);
+			leaf = expansion(leaf);
+			final float value = simulation(leaf);
+			backPropagation(leaf, value);
+		}
+
+		lastIterations = root.visits;
+
+		final Node mostVisitedChild = mostVisitedChild(root);
+		return mostVisitedChild.move;
+	}
+}

game/src/main/java/org/toop/game/players/ai/mcts/MCTSAI2.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts;
+
+import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.TurnBasedGame;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI;
+
+public class MCTSAI2 extends MCTSAI {
+	private Node root;
+
+	public MCTSAI2(int milliseconds) {
+		super(milliseconds);
+
+		this.root = null;
+	}
+
+	public MCTSAI2(MCTSAI2 other) {
+		super(other);
+
+		this.root = other.root;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MCTSAI2 deepCopy() {
+		return new MCTSAI2(this);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public long getMove(TurnBasedGame game) {
+		root = findOrResetRoot(root, game);
+
+		final long endTime = System.nanoTime() + milliseconds * 1_000_000L;
+
+		// while (Float.isNaN(root.solved) && System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
+		while (System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
+			Node leaf = selection(root);
+			leaf = expansion(leaf);
+			final float value = simulation(leaf);
+			backPropagation(leaf, value);
+		}
+
+		lastIterations = root.visits;
+
+		final Node mostVisitedChild = mostVisitedChild(root);
+		final long move = mostVisitedChild.move;
+
+		root = findChildByMove(root, move);
+
+		return move;
+	}
+}

game/src/main/java/org/toop/game/players/ai/mcts/MCTSAI3.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts;
+
+import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.TurnBasedGame;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+public class MCTSAI3 extends MCTSAI {
+	private final int threads;
+
+	public MCTSAI3(int milliseconds, int threads) {
+		super(milliseconds);
+
+		this.threads = threads;
+	}
+
+	public MCTSAI3(MCTSAI3 other) {
+		super(other);
+
+		this.threads = other.threads;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MCTSAI3 deepCopy() {
+		return new MCTSAI3(this);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public long getMove(TurnBasedGame game) {
+		final ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threads);
+		final long endTime = System.nanoTime() + milliseconds * 1_000_000L;
+
+		final List<Callable<Node>> tasks = new ArrayList<>();
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
+			tasks.add(() -> {
+				final Node localRoot = new Node(game.deepCopy());
+
+				// while (Float.isNaN(localRoot.solved) && System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
+				while (System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
+					Node leaf = selection(localRoot);
+					leaf = expansion(leaf);
+					final float value = simulation(leaf);
+					backPropagation(leaf, value);
+				}
+
+				return localRoot;
+			});
+		}
+
+		try {
+			final List<Future<Node>> results = pool.invokeAll(tasks);
+
+			pool.shutdown();
+
+			final Node root = new Node(game.deepCopy());
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < root.children.length; i++) {
+				expansion(root);
+			}
+
+			for (final Future<Node> result : results) {
+				final Node localRoot = result.get();
+
+				for (final Node localChild : localRoot.children) {
+					for (int i = 0; i < root.children.length; i++) {
+						if (localChild.move == root.children[i].move) {
+							root.children[i].visits += localChild.visits;
+							root.visits += localChild.visits;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			lastIterations = root.visits;
+
+			final Node mostVisitedChild = mostVisitedChild(root);
+			return mostVisitedChild.move;
+		} catch (Exception _) {
+			lastIterations = 0;
+
+			final long legalMoves = game.getLegalMoves();
+			return randomSetBit(legalMoves);
+		}
+	}
+}

game/src/main/java/org/toop/game/players/ai/mcts/MCTSAI4.java

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package org.toop.game.players.ai.mcts;
+
+import org.toop.framework.gameFramework.model.game.TurnBasedGame;
+import org.toop.game.players.ai.MCTSAI;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+public class MCTSAI4 extends MCTSAI {
+	private final int threads;
+	private final Node[] threadRoots;
+
+	public MCTSAI4(int milliseconds, int threads) {
+		super(milliseconds);
+
+		this.threads = threads;
+		this.threadRoots = new Node[threads];
+	}
+
+	public MCTSAI4(MCTSAI4 other) {
+		super(other);
+
+		this.threads = other.threads;
+		this.threadRoots = other.threadRoots;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MCTSAI4 deepCopy() {
+		return new MCTSAI4(this);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public long getMove(TurnBasedGame game) {
+		for (int i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
+			threadRoots[i] = findOrResetRoot(threadRoots[i], game);
+		}
+
+		final ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threads);
+		final long endTime = System.nanoTime() + milliseconds * 1_000_000L;
+
+		final List<Callable<Node>> tasks = new ArrayList<>();
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
+			final int threadIndex = i;
+
+			tasks.add(() -> {
+				final Node localRoot = threadRoots[threadIndex];
+
+				// while (Float.isNaN(localRoot.solved) && System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
+				while (System.nanoTime() < endTime) {
+					Node leaf = selection(localRoot);
+					leaf = expansion(leaf);
+					final float value = simulation(leaf);
+					backPropagation(leaf, value);
+				}
+
+				return localRoot;
+			});
+		}
+
+		try {
+			final List<Future<Node>> results = pool.invokeAll(tasks);
+
+			pool.shutdown();
+
+			final Node root = new Node(game.deepCopy());
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < root.children.length; i++) {
+				expansion(root);
+			}
+
+			for (final Future<Node> result : results) {
+				final Node localRoot = result.get();
+
+				for (final Node localChild : localRoot.children) {
+					for (int i = 0; i < root.children.length; i++) {
+						if (localChild.move == root.children[i].move) {
+							root.children[i].visits += localChild.visits;
+							root.visits += localChild.visits;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			lastIterations = root.visits;
+
+			final Node mostVisitedChild = mostVisitedChild(root);
+			final long move = mostVisitedChild.move;
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
+				threadRoots[i] = findChildByMove(threadRoots[i], move);
+			}
+
+			return move;
+		} catch (Exception _) {
+			lastIterations = 0;
+
+			final long legalMoves = game.getLegalMoves();
+			return randomSetBit(legalMoves);
+		}
+	}
+}